The Natural Domains of the Brazilian Amazon present a high biogeographic diversity,
favored by the complex geological substratum and equatorial climate, both predominant in the
Amazonian landscape, located in the northern portion of Brazil, covering an area equivalent to
40% of the national territory (~3.7 million Km2). Human expansion in the Amazon has
produced a series of transformations in its natural resources. In this sense, this work aimed to
perform a retrospective on the trajectory of human beings in the Amazonian domains, through
the spatialization of anthropogenic evidences and analysis of anthropogenic indicators, likely
to be associated with precepts of the Anthropocene, made possible by a geographical
perspective. The analysis raised the aspects of both morphoclimatic and phytogeographic
domains, highlighting their dominant landscapes and natural systems, through biophysical
compartmentalization, working as a substrate in the analysis of the dynamics of socio-spatial
events and the materialized evidences of human action in the landscapes, under a broad
temporal spectrum - the Holocene. The research was based on a holistic and integrative
approach of variables, related to both natural and socio-spatial aspects, from a systemic
vision, aimed at sizing and measuring the patterns of use of natural resources, the
anthropogenization degree of natural domains and the proposition of anthropogenic
landscapes/structures. In this sense, the research revealed that these domains currently present
a very significant anthropogenic percentage of approximately 70%, the result of a broad and
diverse socio-spatial dynamic, which attributed to the region a marked variability of human
macrosystems and semi-natural landscapes embedded in apparently natural ecosystems.
However, it was detected that this estimate is probably underestimated, if we consider the
evidence, according to a cumulative perspective, reaching a value around 150%, that is, 50%
above the total area of the study, which denounces a high anthropogenic pressure in the
region. Given the above, and considering the Anthropocene precepts, centered on the
anthropogenic conception, it is suggested that the Amazon region contains anthropogenic
landscapes, substantially altered, for at least four thousand years AP, when much of its
domains were already occupied and significantly used and managed by human groups.
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