This paper is the outcome of the research that had as aim the analysis of a group of dwellers living by the river in the island of João Pilatos (Ananindeua – PA) showing how they relate the knowledge taught during the clinic on how to form rural entrepreneurs with the know-how they already bring from the traditions of their ancestors, and, especially the math knowledge. The empirical part of this research took place in two different spots and in different moments: the first one was held in the island of João Pilatos where the data about the history of the communities living there were collected, as well as the daily chores and also the fishing activities, the plantation, the exploitation of the forest and the preparing of the charcoal, and the trade of these goods. In this moment, the only resources used were a notebook and a pen to scribble and the hearing technique as well as the dialogue. The second moment happened during the clinic on the formation of rural entrepreneurs promoted by SENAR (National Service of Rural Learning). In this place, my participation in the group was limited to listening and watching the gestures and facial expressions of the participants who were there. Due to this, the observation followed by the notes, were the techniques used during this stage. After the clinic, some semi-structured interviews were held with the subjects of this research with the aim of complementing the notes made during the clinic. The Sociology and the Ethnomathematics were the theoretical basis used in the organization and analysis of the field information. In the field of sociology, I searched Antony Giddens, Renato Ortiz and Georges Balandier to analyze the phenomenom of economic and social globalization over these dwellers’ culture and Berger & Luckmann with his theory “The social construction of the reality” to analyze the livelihood and the production of knowledge. In the field of Ethnomathematics, I used the Ethnomathematics under D’Ambrosio’s approach as well as the research of the area. At the end of the analysis, concerning to the mathematics, I realized that having control over calculations and formulas of this area of knowledge was not the condition enough to enable the subjects reach the target of the clinic, once either the entrepreneurs or the dwellers faced the Mathematics in different aspects when it came to explaining and seeing the world. Through this cultural conflict, it is possible to point out that the subjects of this research would reach the target of the clinic and establish a great amount of relations among academic Mathematics and the knowledge of their traditions if the mathematics studied, during the clinic, were re-meant in the context of the dwellers. As consequence of the first analysis, it is also possible to conclude that, according to the conception currently present in the school environment that not only distinguishes but also separates the cultural values which considers the production of knowledge coming from academic/scientific environment and that these types of knowledge should be socialized in a disciplined way, the possibilities of a greater number of relations between knowledge of the cultural tradition and the scientific tradition have more possibilities to occur in non-academic environment.
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