The main issue of this dissertation is the user participation of the Extractive Reserve (RESEX) – Mãe Grande de Curuçá during the processes of discussion, formulation, implementation and management of that unit of conservation. It also aims to analyze the social organization of the people in the reserve, specially their representative and social institutions, as well as the political, economic and socio-environmental implications of the RESEX installation. This study is based on a survey of documents and bibliographical data – including meeting minutes, reports, photographs and maps – and field research to collect the data. The evidences produced revealed that despite the creation of instruments and participative institutional spaces, the commitment of local users in the decision making process concerning the conservation unit (CU) management has been affected by several conditioning factors, which prevent an effective participation. The persistence of unsustainable management practices of natural resources, motivated by endogenous and exogenous factors and the limits of the social organization show difficulties to achieve sustainability under the context studied. Thus, one expects that analyzes of this reality, done by this study, contribute to the solution of the problems detected. It is also expected that the study also contributes with reflection on the social organization, participation and sustainability in conservation unities in the Amazon.
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