The objective of this research was to isolate, identify and characterize the allelopathic activity of chemical compounds in Virola surinamensis leaves. The process of isolation and identification of chemicals compounds involved the use of organic solvents and Magnetic Nuclear Resonance (MNR 1H, MNR 13C and MNR 13C-DPT), HETCOR and COSY specter. Allelopathic activity was evaluated by bioassays, under constant temperature of 25 ºC and 12-h photoperiod for seed germination and 25 ºC of constant temperature and 24-hour photoperiod for radicle and hypocotyl elongation, at concentrations ranging from 1.0 mg L-1 to 8.0 mg L-1. The receiving plants used were the weeds Mimosa pudica, Senna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis. Two neolignans were isolated and identified: surinamensin and virolin. The general trend observed was a positive relation between allelopathic effects and the concentration of the compounds, with maximum inhibition obtained at the concentration of 8.0 mg L-1. Surinamensin presented greater potential to inhibit seed germination and radicle/hypocotyl elongation than virolin, regardless of the receiving species or plant parameter. Radicle and hypocotyl elongation were more intensely inhibited than seed germination by the two compounds. Except for the effects promoted on hypocotyl elongation, the species M. pudicawas the most sensitive to the allelopathic effects caused by the two neolignans.
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