Indigenous peoples who inhabited the valley of the Amazon during the period of Portuguese colonization were submitted at disctints times by different agents and various instruments, the incisors acculturation processes aimed at inserting the "civilized" world. As the use of humane letters understood the practice of reading and writing in the portuguese language the most evident. For a century (1650-1750) the Society of Jesus stood out among the regular orders who settled in the region such as that implemented more villages missionary catechesis aimed beyond the teaching of humane letters to the native peoples. In the second half of the eighteenth century in the context of the "Pombal Age" the State Luso, especially from the letters and reports of Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado Governor of Grand Para and Maranhao between 1751 and 1759, officially denounced the view that the lamentable "state school" in the Amazon Valley evidenced in disregard of the missionary orders of the Jesuits in general and in particular with the teaching of the native subjects of the King. Proof of this most uncomfortable reality was the massive use of so-called General Language at the expense of the Portuguese language. Given this reality, and considering that the use of Portuguese language was the "cornerstone of civility" as expressed in the text directory that should be observed in the villages of the Indians of Para and Maranhao, The State encompasses and assumes the task of promoting teaching of humane letters in Villages, Towns and Places of the Amazon Valley. Job's successor Governor Mendonça Furtado Manuel Bernardo de Mello e Castro (1759-1761) will make great effort and personal commitment to fulfill, given the enormous structural and conjucture obstacles that presented themselves. This dissertation aims essential "better understand" these events, scrutinizing the process, highlighting their struggles and reflecting on their consequences for the indigenous people who experienced it.
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