Traffic is characterized as a public health issue by the World Health Organization. The large number of traffic accidents support the concern of the United Nations in relation to the progressive increase in violence in traffic, and proclaiming the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011/2020 as a result of the seriousness of the situation, which is claiming more lives than in wartime. This is corroborated by the finding of growth in 24% of the total number of deaths due to transport accidents in the period 2002-2010 by the Mortality Information System of the World Health Organization, revealing the social importance of this dissertation, which aims to identify potential factors of traffic accidents with fatal victim occurring on highway BR 316 km in 21-278, in the period 2010-2012. Therefore, this dissertation employed a methodology based on theoretical explorations combined with analysis of information from the database of the Federal Highway Police and were treated by the application of descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques in order to confirm the hypothesis raised. It could be concluded that the year 2011 was the period marked by the greatest number of instances, these events more frequent in the months of June, July and December, respectively, were concentrated in the afternoon and caused mainly by lack of attention, disobeying traffic signs and the lack of security guards. It should be noted that in the morning and evening shifts the most frequent accidents were caused by improper passing drivers asleep at the wheel, defects and alcohol. It shows that the ranges of 41 to 50 km, 91-100, 101 to 110, 121 to 130, 141 to 150, 151-160, 201-210, 231-240, 251 to 260 and 261-270 of the BR 316, where frequent accidents occur resulting in two or more serious injuries, and of these serious injuries in the ranges of 91-100 km and 121-130, 221-230, two or more will die. It is concluded that the interval 91-100 km and 121 to 130, the serious injured inevitably die. It could be observed that the actual sense of citizenship that should be given to the relationships that emerge from the conscious use of the traffic is lost in the midst of a moral crisis of meaning, especially in relation to obeying traffic laws, which ultimately transform the BR 316 in a scenario of imminent loss of lives, especially when it refers to the fact that all traffic accidents are predictable and preventable.
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