Stroke is a neural disorder originated from blood flow decreasing or interruption, making inadequate energy supply in the region, thus promoting tissue damage. The stroke can be divided in hemorragic or ischemic. The ischemic stroke is more prevalent and can occur through thrombosis or embolism. The ischemic pathology has multiple interrelated events like excitotoxicity, peri-infarct depolarization, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. An element of fundamental importance in ischemic pathology is the microglial cell, whose activity is closely linked to the progression of environment harm. A therapeutic alternative in the treatment of stroke is a pyrazolone called Edaravone. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of Edaravone dose of 3mg/kg in primary sensorymotor cortex after focal ischemic lesion. Edaravone treated animals (N = 10) and animals treated with saline solution (N = 10) in the survival time of 1 and 7 days after the ischemic event was evaluated. Treatment whith edaravone showed by histopathological analysis with cresyl violet a reduction of 49% and 66% in infarct size in animals in survival time 1 and 7 days respectively. Immunohistochemistry studies for microglia/macrophages assets (ED1+) demonstrated a reduction in the presence of ED1+ cells in 35% and 41% survival times for 1 and 7 days, respectively. Neutrophils (MBS-1+) were reduced to 64% only in animals with survival times a day. Harmful patterns were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Data was tested by ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. Differences were considered significant at p < 0,05.
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