This research presents a comparative study of reactors upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and septic tank (ST) in order to investigate the use of these reactors scale single-family home in sewage treatment. The research was conducted in quilombola community near the city of Belém-PA. For this, were used eight UASB reactors (in the form of “Y”) and a septic tank prismatic single camera. The UASB reactors had volume of 0,42 m3, while the septic tank volume of 4,20 m3. Each reactor was installed in a home, with powered exclusively by sewage black (water, feces and urine) come from the toilets of the bathrooms. Was analyzed the technical feasibility of the use of the first replacement in the second, with a view that the ST is widely used in places of Brazil devoid of sewage collecting system. The operations were carried out simultaneously for approximately 90 weeks, being monitored parameters that allowed the analysis of operating stability and performance of each reactor. At the end of the research was observed that the UASB reactors showed performance as satisfactory as or better than that of the ST in the treatment of organic matter and suspended solids. Therefore, was demonstrated the feasibility of application of the UASB reactor used in the treatment of sewage from single-family small rural communities.
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