Aiming to evaluate the effect of pre-experimental histories on rule-following, 16 college students were submitted to a computerized matching-to-sample procedure. The task was to point to each of three comparison stimuli in sequence. Eight participants, 4 flexible and 4 inflexible, were allocated to each of two four-phase conditions. In Phase 1, the correct sequence was established by contingencies. Reinforcement to the emission of the correct sequence was maintained during the following three phases – in Condition 1, the continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF), and in Condition 2, the fixed-ratio 4 (FR4). In both conditions, Phase 2 started with the presentation of a discrepant rule, Phase 3 started with a corresponding rule, and Phase 4 started with a discrepant rule. Following the discrepant rule did not produce the programmed reinforcement, but following the corresponding rule produced reinforcement. In Condition 1 (CRF), the 8 participants, flexible and inflexible, stopped following the discrepant rule. In Condition 2 (FR 4), the inflexible participants kept following the discrepant rule and the flexible ones stopped following it. It is suggested that the effects of pre-experimental histories are modulated by present variables.
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