In this work, the adsorption of textile basic dyes by clay was studied in aqueous solutions and batch system. Clay was obtained from Icoaraci, metropolitan region of Belém, Pará (Brazil) and was used without treatment (A-BRU) and treated by sedimentation (A-TRA). The basic dyes studies were: Basic Yellow 28, Basic Blue 26 (Blue Victory), Basic Yellow 02 (Auramine), Basic Red 01 (Rhodamine 6G) and Basic Orange 02. The clays were characterized by chemical (CTC and charge density), physical (particle size analysis, SBET and He picnometry), thermal (ATG and DTA), mineralogical and morphological analyses (XRD, SEM/EDS and FTIR). Adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate affinity between dyes and clays (qualitative test), initial concentration and pH effects of the dye solutions. The adsorption kinetics data were analyzed by theoretical models. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from adsorption equilibrium data at different temperatures. The concentration of clay particles in the A-TRA increased 100% after sedimentation. In the clay composition minerals as quartzo, kaolinite and illite /muscovite were identified. The SBET increased from the 22.38 m².g-1 (A-BRU) to 33.02 m².g-1 (A-TRA). Significant differences between the values of density and total pore volume of the clays were not observed. Comparatively, the CTC value of the A-TRA increased 300%. The clay surfaces are predominantly negatives, according to the charge density results (Q). There were no significant differences between the thermal analysis results of the samples. From the adsorption affinity tests the more reactive dyes were the Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) and Basic Blue 26 (BB26) and the adsorbent with improved performance was A-TRA. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by pseudo-second order (BY2/A-TRA) and intraparticle diffusion models (A-TRA/BB26). The adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir (BY2/A-TRA) and Freundlich (A-TRA/BB26) models. The parameters of the mathematic models indicated that the adsorption is favorable. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption processes investigated are spontaneous and endothermic.
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