The leprosy causes inflammation, immune responses and compression processes that can evolve from a mild temporary nerve damage to a complete lesion of the nerve. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic peripheral neuropathies where about 20% of patients have some type of physical disability after discharg.There are few studies that discuss the risk factors that can cause these disabilities. In this work we investigated the neural damage in a cohort of clinical leprosy patients post-discharge medication in Cologne Plate, from 1997 to 2009 and you are at risk for physical disability at diagnosis and post-discharge.The study was historical cohort of 63 patients in the period 1997 to 2009 - Vila Santo Antonio do Prata in Igarapé-Açu, Pará. Data were collected from the notification form / Research of the National Information Appeal Notification (NIAN) and the records of post-high for the degree of physical disability.The sociodemographic, clinical and neural functions were organized in spreadsheets Microsoft Excel ® 2003 and analyzed using the Epi Info version 3.5.2 and version 5.3 BioEstat and presented in tables, charts and graphs. In diagnosing the factors that offered more opportunity for physical disability were: sensory owns 21.67 more chance of incapacity, introduce shock / pain / nerve trunk thickness increases to 20 the chance of disability, leprosy reaction 9 times more likely to have pain palpation of the nerve trunk 7.32 offers more chances, be presented multibacillary 7.29, lepromatous be increased by 6.68 times and the presence of engine damage increases by 6.38 times the odds of disability in physical diagnosis. In post-high only 63 cases were evaluated for which risk factors were most important: the presence of damage in sensitive diagnosis is 1.89 more risks, physical disability at diagnosis 1.55 more risks and be multibacillary offers 1, 36 times greater risk for physical disability after discharge for healing. Within the four groups formed from the 63 cases of damage sensitive worsening in most cases where the clinical form was borderline degree of disability remained stable and had worsened in some cases. Allowed to conclude that the study population: present some type of nerve damage (sensory and / or motor) at diagnosis increases the chances of disability at diagnosis and aggravate the nerve damage after cure, the presence of disability physics at diagnosis may be a risk factor for the development of new or worsening disability already installed and there was worsening of the damage (sensory or motor) after discharge for healing even without the change in the degree of disability according to the classification of Ministry of Health, which can affect the quality of life and independence of the individual.
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