River basins are key geographic units in water resource management, and river basin problems
throughout the world are mainly due to anthropogenic pressure related to land use, domestic
effluent disposal, agricultural and industrial effluents, soil erosion, Deforestation, changes in the
structure of the biotic communities, among others (GIORDANO et al., 2004, TANAKA, 2008
and DELINOM, 2008). The object of study of this research is the Mocajuba River Basin -
BHRM, located in three municipalities of northeast São Paulo: São João da Ponta, Terra Alta and
Curuçá, in the demarcation of its limits are contained two Conservation Units. In the western
portion the São João da Ponta Marine Stratigraphic Reserve and in the eastern portion the Marine
Extraction Reserve Mãe Grande de Curuçá. In general, this river basin has been undergoing
degradation as a consequence of lack of basic sanitation, territorial occupation in inappropriate
places, deforestation of mangrove areas and other areas for the expansion of agriculture,
degradation of Permanent Protected Areas (PPAs), fires, Sedimentation of water bodies
(ICMBIO, (2010); PANTOJA, (2012); RODRIGUES & FRANÇA, (2014); TELES, (2016)).
And for lack of a management plan, it can manage its various uses. On the other hand, the
Mocajuba river has a high importance for the communities that live in its surroundings, since
they need their resources for their survival, given that their economic, social and cultural
activities are developed in these areas. Therefore, the conservation of natural resources and the
sustainable management of BHRM are considered a strategic issue from the environmental point
of view, as social and economic for these populations. In this sense, the aim of this research is to
analyze the Mocajuba river basin, based on the model PEIR - Pressure-State-Impact-Response as
an instrument to evaluate the conditions of use and management of this natural resource, with the
aim of contributing to its management . This matrix (PEIR) is structured from the identification
of causal anthropic activities or sources of pressures and impacts. These activities, based on
socioeconomic, on natural resources produce pressures and impacts that alter the state of its
components, in order to assist in mitigation, it is proposed by society or by the public power
actions (answers) that can solve or soften them. The research is considered as descriptive,
exploratory and in terms of the means evaluated as a case study resulting from the process of
consulting the various social and institutional actors directly involved with the environmental
problems of the basin. The developed methodological model constitutes an original tool for the
area of environmental management, specifically, with respect to activities that impact the
environment. Regarding the variables of the PEIR model, these were analyzed based on the
absence or presence of the same to the sustainability, taking into account the dimension
analyzed.
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