The creation of protected areas has become a government strategy to ensure the preservation and conservation of natural resources and address the key environmental issues. However, the design and implementation of these areas has highlighted tensions and environmental conflicts due to the interests, individual or collective, of the various stakeholders who are involved with the territory. In this context, this paper aims to contextualize and understand environmental conflicts arising from human occupation or impactful activities within the territorial limits of Amapa State Forest (FLOTA/AP) and its surroundings in order to contribute to the governance process in conservation unit management. To achieve this goal it was necessary to reconstruct and analyze the historical conception for the creation, management and implementation of the unit, as well as to identify the social actors, map and characterize the conflicts and bring to debate the dynamics of governance processes that act on the UC. The methodology was based on the case study of the Amapa State Forest, a Unit for Sustainable Use established by State Law n° 1.208/2006 that involves approximately 2.3 million hectares and 10 municipalities in the State of Amapa. The study results show the history of creation of this Conservation Unit which was established by the state government in lands of the Union area and with the main objective to organize and develop the forest sector in Amapa. This study also exposes the Unit implementation process with emphasis on its management plan, built in a participatory way alongside the establishment of its Management Board. From the reorganization of Amapa territory with the creation and implementation of FLOTA/AP it identifies and lists the actors and key emerging environmental conflicts, especially conflicts related to ownership of the territory involving land use planning and land tenure and also conflicts related to the use of natural resources. Also noted in the study that the governance process for UC management has occurred through its management tools, Management Plan and Management Council, but also through other democratic spaces of management and partnerships. The management of the Amapa State Forest sought, through the participatory processes and democratic spaces, to promote strategies and determinations that enable mitigation and regulation of the environmental conflicts ensuring the conservation model and desired economic development since its inception.
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