Artigo

Microglial morphology across distantly related species: phylogenetic, environmental and age influences on microglia reactivity and surveillance states

Microglial immunosurveillance of the brain parenchyma to detect local perturbations in homeostasis, in all species, results in the adoption of a spectrum of morphological changes that reflect functional adaptations. Here, we review the contribution of these changes in microglia morphology in distant...

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Autor principal: Carvalho-Paulo, Dario
Outros Autores: Torres Neto, Jo?o Bento, Santos Filho, Carlos, Oliveira, Thais Cristina Galdino de, Sousa, Aline Amaral, Reis, Renata Rodrigues dos, Santos, Zaire Alves dos, Lima, Camila Mendes de, Oliveira, Marcus Augusto de, Said, Nivin Mazen, Freitas, Sinara Franco, Sosthenes, Marcia Consentino Kronka, Gomes, Giovanni Freitas, Henrique, Ediely Pereira, Pereira, Patrick Douglas C?rrea, Siqueira, Lucas Silva de, Melo, Mauro Andr? Damasceno de, Diniz, Cristovam Guerreiro, Magalh?es, Nara Gyzely de Morais, Diniz, Jos? Ant?nio Pican?o, Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa, Diniz, Daniel Guerreiro, Anthony, Daniel Clive, Sherry, David Francis, Brites, Dora, Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley Pican?o
Grau: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Publicado em: Frontiers Media 2021
Assuntos:
Microglia / citologia
Microglia / virologia
Testes Neuropsicol?gicos
C?rebro / citologia
Homeostase
Sistema Nervoso Central
Acesso em linha: http://patua.iec.gov.br//handle/iec/4341
Resumo:
Microglial immunosurveillance of the brain parenchyma to detect local perturbations in homeostasis, in all species, results in the adoption of a spectrum of morphological changes that reflect functional adaptations. Here, we review the contribution of these changes in microglia morphology in distantly related species, in homeostatic and non-homeostatic conditions, with three principal goals (1): to review the phylogenetic influences on the morphological diversity of microglia during homeostasis (2); to explore the impact of homeostatic perturbations (Dengue virus challenge) in distantly related species (Mus musculus and Callithrix penicillata) as a proxy for the differential immune response in small and large brains; and (3) to examine the influences of environmental enrichment and aging on the plasticity of the microglial morphological response following an immunological challenge (neurotropic arbovirus infection). Our findings reveal that the differences in microglia morphology across distantly related species under homeostatic condition cannot be attributed to the phylogenetic origin of the species. However, large and small brains, under similar non-homeostatic conditions, display differential microglial morphological responses, and we argue that age and environment interact to affect the microglia morphology after an immunological challenge; in particular, mice living in an enriched environment exhibit a more efficient immune response to the virus resulting in earlier removal of the virus and earlier return to the homeostatic morphological phenotype of microglia than it is observed in sedentary mice.

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