As part of the survey of the flora of the Scientific Station Ferreira Penna, we try to test the hypothesis that, just as the floristic diversity of the dryland forests of the Caxiuanã National Forest is one of the greatest in the Eastern Amazon lowlands, the species of bryophytes also show great diversity. Collections were made in the areas already inventoried for phytosociological studies and in the surroundings, in different ecosystems of the Station. Artificial keys and comparative methods were used to identify the collected material. A total of 3,602 specimens were collected. To date, 59 species of bryophytes have been identified, belonging to 12 families, with Sematophyllaceae, Leucobryaceae, Calymperaceae, Stereophyllaceae, Lejeuneaceae and Plagiochilaceae standing out as the most abundant, with the species Sematophyllum subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt, Leucobryum martianum (Hornsch.) Hampe, Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr., Pilosium chlorophyllum (Hornsch.) C. Müll. Müll.,Symbiezidium transversale (Sw.) Trev. and Plagiochila hondurensis Hertz. respectively. Morphological, taxonomic and ecological comments of some species, with photomicrographs, are included in this paper.
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