Works developed by anatomists have shown that environmental factors such as climate may influence the determination of the morphological pattern of wood anatomical structures. In order to test this theory in more depth, the present work aims to study, at the level of woody arboreal flora, the morphological pattern of the anatomical structures of Amazonian plants, where there is no significant limitation in water supply. In the Amazon region, species occurring in the terra firme forest of the Xingu River basin, in the state of Pará, are being studied. The methodology used is the standard one for the anatomical study of wood, using histological sections and temporary slides of macerated material. Fifty-one species distributed among 30 families were studied. The technical terms used in the description of the anatomical elements are those adopted by the International Association of Wood Anatomists/IAWA. The data analysis was done in the digital image and analysis system MOCHA. The first results indicate that diffuse porosity predominates, being however frequent the species that present semi-porous rings. Paratracheal axial parenchyma and simple perforation plates predominate, with a reduced incidence of scalariform perforation plates. Using the anatomical structures, a key was created to identify the species.
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