With the beginning of archaeological rescues in sites with possible risks of disturbance in the Carajás mountain range, southeast of the state of Pará, in the early 1980s, this area appears as one of the main poles of archaeological research in the Amazon region, due to the important findings. And it is in this context, seeking to elucidate the findings of these sites, that this work aims to understand how the modes of subsistence of these early Amazonian inhabitants. The work developed studied three caves in the Carajás region, ado Rato PA-AT-84, Gavião PA-AT-69 and Pequiá PA-AT-81, where in the latter the oldest human remains of the region were found in a pre-ceramic site. Remains of burned seeds found in the archeological remains were analyzed to identify the species that served as food, and it was found that the floristic species of both ecosystems (forest and cerrado) were richly exploited. And through indirect evidence such as the structure of the bonfires found in the Pequiá cave, it was found that the food was not processed before being consumed, as was previously supposed. The food was roasted directly on the stones that formed the fire, as is still done by the Xikrin Indians of Carajás. These researched facts revealed to us forms of interaction with nature that refute theories of environmental determinism as a limiting factor to human settlement in the rainforest.
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