The family Drosophilidae is composed of approximately 3,200 species, included in 67 genera, distributed in two subfamilies, Steganinae and Drosophilinae. Among these, the genus Drosophila is one of the most specious, with about 1,700 species, representing 53% of the total. The present work aims to inventory the diversity of Drosophila species in an area of igapó in the Caxiuanã National Forest, motivated by the little information that exists on this type of habitat and also due to the high taxonomic diversity and diversity of habits of the species of this family. Adult individuals were captured in 4 sites of igapó forest in the Caxiuanã National Forest and taken to the laboratory, where manual sorting was performed in order to separate the Drosophilidae from other insects. Through the observation of external morphological characteristics, the animals of other orders and families were separated and packaged in order to maintain the sampling effort information for further studies. Of the 777 individuals of Drosophilidae collected, 443 (57.01 %) belonged to the willistoni group; 276 individuals (35.52%) belonged to the saltans group and 58 individuals (7.5%)' to the melanogaster group. In the analyses of proportion between males and females, the saltans and willistoni groups showed significant differences, with a predominance of males in saltans and females in willistoni. For the melanogaster group, this difference was not significant, with an equal proportion of males and females. The preliminary results of this study showed no difference in the abundance of Drosophila groups between collection sites, with the willistoni and saltans groups taking turns in predominance between sites. However, differences in sex ratios are significant for these two groups. Such a finding may have implications for using only males for specific identification.
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