The family Dendrocolaptadae (the arapaçus) belongs to a group endemic to the Neotropics, known and widely distributed in this region, especially in the Amazon, which is the center of distribution of several super-species of this genus. The importance of identifying and cataloging the cryptic diversity of Amazonian avifauna lies in providing an accurate assessment of the biological heritage of the region and correcting the chronic underestimation of current biodiversity, which can lead to inefficient conservation policies. The objective of the project is to review the taxonomy of the super-species of birds of the genus Xiphorhynchus (Dendrocolaptidae), based on plumage and morphometric characters: X. parda/otus/ ocellatus, X. spixii/ e/egans and guttatus of this species complex with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of morphometric and plumage characters. With this data set it will be possible to contrast phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses based on studies of mitochondrial DNA sequences performed by. A total of 52 specimens of the Xiphorhynchus parda/otus / ocellatus complex (parda/otus, caurensis, ocellatus, perp/exus, weddellii) and 200 specimens of the Xiphorhynchus spixii / e/egans complex (spixii, e/egans, juruanus and ornatus) and 183 X. guttatusjguttatoide (po/ystictus, guttatoides, eytoni, dorbignyanus) from the MPEG Ornithological Collection. A total of 10 morphometric and plumage characters were measured. It was thus possible to determine that the super-species X. parda/otus / ocellatus is composed of the following valid taxa, which can be considered phylogenetically as species: parda/otus, caurensis, ocellatus, weddellii and brevirostris. For the Xiphorhynchus spixii j e/egans complex it was possible to recognize four valid taxa (spixii, e/egans, juruanus and ornatus). For the Xiphorhynchus guttatusjguttatoides complex it was not possible to make the diagnosis by validating even one of the taxa at the species level.
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