The ESECAFLOR project artificially induces a period of prolonged drought and study the consequences of the water flows and carbon dioxide in a Tropical Forest Amazon, assessing the impacts on the ecosystem in response to this exclusion of water in the soil, indeed like the influence of an El Nino event (COSTA et al, 2003). The ESECAFLOR is developed in the scientific station Ferreira Penna (FPSS), administered by Paraense Emilio Goeldi Museum (MPEG), located in the National Forest Caxiuanã- National Forest, located in the municipality of Melgaço (01º 42’30” S, 51º 31’45” W; 60 meters). This work aims to study the variability of temperature and soil moisture in tropical rainforest areas in the Brazilian Amazon, with different water content in the soil. The data used refer to a period of three years (April 2011 - May 2013). The results showed greater variability of soil moisture in the parcel control (A) compared to the exclusion of part (B), due to the latter having reduced water availability artificially. The exclusion of part (B), soil moisture remained almost constant during the period studied. Regarding the soil temperature, the changes were small in both plots, but with higher values in the exclusion of part (B) with respect to the portion control (A), since much of the energy that reaches the surface is used as heat sensitive, for its heating, and therefore with a lower latent heat component. With the exclusion of water on the forest floor, throughout their life cycle could suffer irreversible changes.
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