Birth is considered a critical event and begins a phase of life called the 28-day transition
period, requiring essential physiological adaptations to extrauterine life. Immediately after
birth, the newborn needs to immediately assume its vital functions and if they do not
progress satisfactorily, they may need specialized assistance, such as resuscitation, which is
defined as a set of measures aimed at promoting and stabilizing the oxygenation and blood
circulation of the newborn. It is a procedure very performed in the birth rooms and in the
NICU, where there is all the appropriate contribution to increase the survival of newborns.
The aim of this study was to investigate the neonatal outcomes of newborns undergoing
neonatal resuscitation in the birth room. This is a descriptive, retrospective documentary
study with a quantitative approach, consisting of a sample of 200 newborns' records that
needed to be resuscitated in the birth room in 2017. Data were tabulated in tables and
graphs and analyzed descriptively. The mothers had an average age of 25.7 years, 64%
underwent incomplete prenatal care, 60.5% underwent cesarean section. The most observed
gestational complications were leukorrhea (33.5%) and urinary tract infection (30%). Most
newborns were male (57%), preterm (53.5%), low weight (67.5%) classified as appropriate
for gestational age (54.5%). Regarding the APGAR index, 85% reached a grade higher than
7 in the first minute and in the fifth minute 64% were between grades 7 and 10. Among the
investigated 25.5% presented malformation. The average length of stay was 27 days. The
average resuscitation was 1.95 and most needed only once (59%). The most performed
maneuvers were PPV (100%) and IOT (62.5%). 73% were referred to the NICU and 62%
were discharged for improvement. The results obtained allowed us to identify the maternal
profile found in the majority presenting: incomplete prenatal care; age outside the extremes
of risk; no history of abortions; in the first pregnancy, with single fetus and cesarean
delivery. The neonatal profile was mostly male, preterm, underweight with adequate weight
for gestational age. The most performed resuscitation maneuvers were Positive Pressure
Ventilation and Oro Tracheal Intubation and more than half of the newborns evolved with
discharge outcome due to improvement.
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