Introduction: Spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) remains a major public health problem,
despite all the advances in perinatal medicine. Prematurity not only entails a significant increase
in neonatal morbidity and mortality, but contributes greatly to reduced quality of life and long term dysfunction, and the high costs associated with health care. Its incidence varies by country
and region, an estimated world average of 10.6%, and approximately 10% in Brazil. Occur in the
world 13 million annually and PTD about one million result in death. General Objective: To
assess the incidence of PTD in newborn (NB) of very low birth weight (VLBW) at the Fundação
Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPA ). Specific Objectives: To correlate the incidence
of VLBW newborns with PTD and the municipality of origin of mothers. Describe the effect of
variables: maternal age, mother's years of study, number of prenatal visits, maternal income,
gestational age and clinical or obstetric complications during pregnancy. Determine the ratio of
total births performed by PTD in FSCMPA. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study,
quantitative and descriptive, with retrospective research through the charts of patients who
developed premature FSCMPA in the period January to December 2010. Results: We analyzed
medical records of 471 patients with PTD in FSCMPA. There was a predominance of patients
from the interior of Pará (54.8%), the age group between 16 and 25 (54.8%), most did not
perform complete prenatal care (70.8%). The preferred route of delivery was vaginal (66.2%).
Most births occurred at gestational age between 24 and 28 weeks (52.2%). Preterm labor
(32.9%), ROPREMA (20.6%), oligohydramnios (17.6%), alcohol (10.2%), (urinary tract
infection) UTI (9.8%) and smoking (8.1%) were associated with more complications. As the
product of pregnancy was found 64.3% of live birth, 23.6% and 12.1% of stillborn stillborn.
Conclusion: Preterm birth is a rare condition known about the pathophysiology. It is a complex
expression of various interrelated factors, which may vary for different populations. It is
necessary that more studies are conducted in order to discover the risk factors. It is through
prevention programs of low-cost, developed based on epidemiological studies, which may
decrease the birth of infants of very low weight and, therefore, positively influence the reduction
of infant mortality rates.
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