Introduction: Syphilis is considered a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. The disease is of particular concern during pregnancy, as the mother can transmit an infection to her fetus, causing congenital syphilis. In this context, articles established a causal relationship between the growth in the number of cases of gestational and congenital syphilis in the Xingu Region and the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, however, there are few studies on the subject. Faced with this problem in public health, this research was carried out on the impact of the project on the epidemiology of gestational and congenital syphilis in the Xingu Region. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant without a number of cases of gestational and congenital syphilis in the Area of Direct Influence of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant from 2007 to 2019. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational and descriptive study, which analyzes the cases of gestational and congenital syphilis reported in the Xingu Region from 2007 to 2019, using data obtained from the Disease Information System of Notification (SINAN). Results: It was found that the influence of the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant on the number of cases of gestational and congenital syphilis in the region. A total of 627 cases of gestational syphilis and 294 cases of congenital syphilis were reported between 2007 and 2019. The most affected pregnant women were between 16 and 20 years old, were brown, had incomplete primary education and lived in urban areas. Most pregnant women were diagnosed in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and classified as primary syphilis. The most frequent treatment was with Penicillin G Benzathine, and in most cases there was no concomitant treatment by the partner. The study revealed flaws in prenatal care provided in the Xingu Region. Conclusion: An analysis of the epidemiological and sociodemographic profile presented represents an important tool for the development of health strategies and actions aimed at preventing diseases such as gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis.
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