In the period between 2009 and 2018, Brazil showed a progressive increase in the
number of prevalent patients in a chronic dialysis program, with hemodialysis being
the most used treatment. However, during this procedure complications may occur and
increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease, such as
intradialytic hypotension, which can be prevented by using cold dialysate. The aim of
this study is to analyze the effects of cold dialysate on reducing the occurrence of
intradialytic hypotension, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of its use in
chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. This is a narrative literature review
which was carried out through bibliographic research in electronic databases of
Academic Google, PubMed and EMBASE. The articles have been submitted to the
inclusion and exclusion criteria, being selected from exploratory, selective, analytical
and interpretive readings sequentially. Finally, the processes for listing the selected
articles and preparing the final report have been carried out. Precisely,14,500 results
have been found in Google Scholar, 51 in PubMed and 33 in EMBASE. For the
preparation of this study, 68 articles were selected being 53 from Academic Google,
11 from PubMed and 4 from EMBASE, which show that reducing the dialysate
temperature may cause thermal discomfort in some patients, but also can provide
several advantages to patients with chronic kidney failure on hemodialysis, such as:
hemodynamic, cardiovascular, cerebral benefits, reduction of post-dialysis fatigue and
of the itching as well as improved sleep. Furthermore, this procedure is not worse than
other methods of preventing intradialytic hypotension. However, lack of available
studies show limitations, such as reduced samples and short follow-up period, which
make difficult the achievement of solid recommendations for the universal application
of the procedure. Due to the long period of study of the subject, it is inferred that cold
dialysate represents a form of individualization of the treatment of patients with chronic
kidney disease, designed to meet the necessity to modify traditional dialysis
techniques.
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