This work aims to understand the influence of gender stereotypes on the
criminalization of women, causing an increase in female incarceration for the crime of
drug trafficking, which in recent years has become the main offense in the process of
criminalizing women, previously constituted, mostly for crimes related to their gender
condition (such as abortion, infanticide, prostitution and passionate crimes). For this,
we used the inductive method and an essentially qualitative approach, which contained
extensive bibliographic research (composed of scientific articles, master's and doctoral
theses, monographs, books), as well as quantitative analysis from official data from
government agencies (INFOPEN, IBGE, SEAP). Thus, initially, the present work will
make a brief analysis of the history of female incarceration, from the penalties in the
Middle Ages to the effective creation of prisons destined exclusively for transgressive
women in Brazil, also addressing the influence of gender in the construction of the
social role of women and profile of the criminal woman. Then, the paper addresses the
importance of criminology in understanding female crime and feminist criminological
theories. In view of this, the forms of female insertion in the world of drug trafficking will
be analyzed from the perspective of Critical and Feminist Criminology, in view of the
gender relations and representations and the social role for women in patriarchal
society, which influence not only their modes of participation in this practice, but also
their selection by the formal punitive system. In the end, it is concluded that the penal
system, besides producing the figure of the delinquent woman and promoting criminal
selectivity, also reinforces patriarchal control and gender stereotypes. Being the
woman's gender condition an essential factor for her entry into the drug trade, during
her participation and later when she is incarcerated.
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