Objective: To study the prevalence of elective preterm deliveries occurred in the
Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPA) hospital in the year 2010, and
know its main neonatal repercussions. Methodology: A epidemiological study, cross sectional, of collect and descriptive, of 108 cases of female patients, pregnant with one
fetus, alive, absent of malformations, with gestational age (GA) greater than 20 and less
than 37 weeks gestation who were admitted in wards medium (ward Santa Marta) and
high risks of clinical tocogynecology FSCMPA hospital in the period from 1 January
2010 to 1 January 2011, who had an indication for early delivery because to some
complications maternal and/or fetus. Results: Most patients were age group between 20
and 30 years of age (53.7%) and were single (60.2%); in relation to education, 38.9%
hadn’t completed elementary school and 64.8% were students or working on their own
house. The personal history, 30.8% had hypertension and, among obstetric history,
45.8% had previous pregnancies, 37.3% had given birth and 16.9% had history of
abortion. Of the previous pregnancies, 11.0% were preterm births. Of the complications
in previous pregnancies, abortion resulted for 48.8% of cases, and preeclampsia and
eclampsia by 14,8% and 9,7%, respectively, and, preeclampsia, with 42,8% and
eclampsia, with 28,6% were the main reasons that indicated preterm delivery. In
relation to current pregnancy, only 31.7% had received prenatal care with six or more
visits; prevailed as maternal complications, vaginal fluid loss and vaginal bleeding
(18.8% and 18.0%, respectively), and the main reason for maternal indication of
preterm delivery was preeclampsia, with 32.0%, and fetal acute fetal distress with
61.5% of cases. Most newborns were male (58.3%), most classified as underweight
(64.8%), borderline premature (57.4%, 7.4% were very preterm extreme) and as small
for gestational age (52.8%). Of the neonatal complications, the respiratory totaled
92.9% of cases. Conclusion: The occurrence of preterm birth remains a big public
health problem, especially when occurs the lack of demand and lack of prenatal care,
which has drastic consequences for pregnant women, newborn and later to child, these
problems could be minimized if a health politic to both, mother and child, were most
appropriate, with the dissemination of preventive and educational measures, with the
best qualified medical professionals and the best structure of health services aiming
efficient provision service.
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