Every year, about 500.000 children are blind in the world. The prevalence of childhood blindness in development countries is about 50 a 100 per 100.000 children. In these countries, 60% of the causes of blindness and severe visual impairment children are preventable or treatable, if detected early. The Red Reflex Test (RRT) is an important screening visual test to detect congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma and corneal opacity; in newborn children. The principal objective of this study is evaluate the knowledge of neonatologists of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Pará Fundation about the RRT. For obtain the data base we applied a standard questionnaire that have questions about tactical and technical knowledge of the examination, the pathologies detected by RRT, professional indicated to practice the examination. The informations collected were inserted in EPI INFO program, version 6.04, to analyze statistics of the study. It was evidenced that 61.9% reported not to practice the RRT, 76.2% replied that the test should be performed in one eye separately, 71.4% chose as ideal distance between the tool and the eye of the patient, 10 to 30cm, 61.9% responded that the examination should be carried out with the pupil in mydriasis. Of the diseases detected, 78.6% indicated that the retinoblastoma can be detected, 73,8% responded that the cataract could, 47.6% gave positive response to corneal opacities, and 45.2% said the congenital glaucoma. All agreed that the RRT should be a mandatory procedure in nurseries. In conclusion, the knowledge about the RRT between the neonatologists of studied institution is insufficient, for improve it, is necessary teorical and pratical course before the implantation of The Red Reflex Test.
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