Introduction: Sepsis is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality through out neonatal period. Adequate prenatal, birth care and prevention and control measure of the infections may reduce significatively problems related to neonatal sepsis. Objectives: Analise the evolution of the agents that causes bacterial sepsis in the neonatal unit of Santa Casa de Misericordia do Para Foundation Hospital, in the period from january of 2000 to june of 2005. Methods: Retrospective cohort study in new borns with clinical and/or laboratorial diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Early onset sepsis was considered the one diagnosed until 48 hours of life and late onset sepsis after this period. The analysis of the promptuaries was realized with all patients interned with neonatal sepsis at Santa Casa de Misericordia do Para Foundation. The graphic study of the informations was realized in Microsoft Word 2007 and statistical analysis realized in Biostat 5.0, by non-parametric test of Qui-quadrado, with significancy level of p<0,05. Results: 1704 (11.3%) from 15038 of interned newborns were diagnosed with early or late onset neonatal sepsis. 58.3% of them were male; low weight predominated, with 39.2% situated among 1501-2500g and vaginal parturition corresponded to 61.5% of all. The neonatal sepsis prevalence tax founded was 34/1000 (9,8/1000 for early onset neonatal sepsis and 24,2/1000 for late onset neonatal sepsis), predominating late onset sepsis (74.45% of affected newborns). The most prevalent ethiological agents in early onset sepsis were: in 2000 E. cloacae (7.9%), in 2001, 2002 and 2003 K. oxytoca (24.2%, 25.7% and 11.5% respectively), in 2004 E. coli (5.5%) and in 2005 P. aeruginosa (4.2%) of all pacients diagnosed with neonatal sepsis. In the other side the most prevalent ethiological agents in late onset sepsis were: in 2000 E. cloacae (11.9%), in 2001, 2002 and 2003 K. oxytoca (27.2%, 10.5% and 7.1% respectively) and in 2004 and 2005 E. coli (7.4% e 1.6% respectively). Mortality tax found was 53.3/100 of pacients with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: Infection tax by neonatal sepsis was high, predominating late onset sepsis. Ethiological agents prevalence were Gram-negative bacterias, with main infection place the blood. Neonatal mortality by sepsis is still very high in this service.
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