In general, the purpose of this article is to offer a theoretical discussion from the perspective of the new economic institutionalism, seeking to emphasize mainly the environmental governance mechanisms that are being used in favor of maintaining the sustainability in Pará Amazon. In this design, the institutions represent the collective behavior patterns, constitutive of the cultural universe of organized civil society, that is, an institution can be characterized by the ability to define choices and have decision-making mechanisms. In these terms, governance expression acts as a kind of synonym for administration or management, and includes the relevant actions on collection and use of the resources needed to establish demanded relations and directed to a common purpose of a given private or public organization, for example. Already environmental governance brings together all the institutional mechanisms of public and private actions for monitoring the impacts of economic activities on the environment and use of natural resources in a given territory of a region. The main conclusion of this work is that one can not rule out the discussion that is being held in the Pará Amazon on alternative institutional methods of dispute resolution based on customary rules, arbitration, conciliation or mediation by third parties. It is understood, therefore, that the environmental governance mechanisms adopted in government policies deforestation to combat management in the region, especially with the traceability of bovine chain, the use of environmental licensing and also the adoption of the Rural Environmental Registry, they have obtained positive results in terms of control and reduction of deforestation in the region.
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