A well-designed and well-executed project plays an extremely important role in obtaining a
satisfactory result. Without this, a construction can suffer from the appearance of pathological
manifestations that compromise quality and aesthetics, and can also, depending on the
severity, put it at risk. the occupants of the building. With this aspect in mind, this work
addressed relevant issues about the pathologies analyzed in situ, highlighting the diagnostic
and prophylaxis measures for the problem, thus taking due care at each construction stage,
which are essential to avoid future problems in the structure that could affect its safety and
durability, in addition to preventing costs due to these numerous failures, as these
manifestations are increasingly frequent in our current society, which leads to the search to
understand the subject in order to guarantee the longevity of the construction, greatly
increasing its useful life, in addition to minimizing the negative impacts that may arise from
the time. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of construction processes,
focusing on the application of prophylaxis in civil construction, highlighting it as a set of
preventive practices essential to ensure the safety, durability and functionality of buildings. In
addition, the present work also analyzed relevant issues of defects and damages analyzed in
situ in state health units, using diagnostic measures and seeking prophylaxis measures to
avoid the problems encountered, always keeping in mind the main objective of investigating,
classifying and resolving the problem. problem in itself, in addition to showing mechanisms
that will be necessary to avoid them, thus emphasizing the importance of implementing
preventive maintenance and continuous monitoring as essential strategies to preserve the
quality of buildings and avoid structural failures over time. Immediate correction of identified
problems is also discussed as a crucial measure to prevent accelerated deterioration and
ensure longevity and functionality. Finally, the study explores the historical evolution of these
practices, highlighting their relevance in each phase of the construction process, from initial
planning to the execution of finishes. At each stage, elements such as risk analysis and
management, careful selection of materials, strict compliance with current technical standards
and specialized training for teams involved are examined. Therefore, the final objective of this
work is to exemplify the main pathologies found in foundations and identify their causes and
solutions.
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