According to UNAIDS data, around 37.6 million people (30 million to 45 million) were living with HIV in 2020, with nearly 36 million adults, which can lead to the development of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (SIDA) if not treated propely. SIDA does not have a cure so far however, treatment can be provided through the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), and good adherence to therapy can increase survival and quality of life for the patient, as well as reduce the progression of the syndrome. To monitor treatment adherence some methods can be employed, such as interviews, pharmacy ARV dispensing forms, and viral load testing. This paper aims to identify the factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients with HIV/SIDA and to evaluate the influence of the pharmacist regarding this aspect of therapy. This is a bibliographic study of the integrative literature review type, evaluating studies published between 2017 and 2021, in indexed databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Academic. Many factors can influence non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment, such as prescription errors, drugs in the wrong dosages, and lack of knowledge about the disease. In this scenario, the pharmaceutical professional has an important role, not only in the dispensation of drugs but also in the guidance and monitoring of therapy.
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