The portion of the population that is in conditions of poverty and extreme poverty is more exposed to socioeconomic vulnerabilities. In this way, topics related to the concept and the multidisciplinarity of definitions about vulnerability, income concentration and inequality, in addition to poverty, extreme poverty and a brief reflection on the homeless population will be presented. Thus, we aim to analyze the socioeconomic vulnerability, hunger and poverty and inequality of the population residing in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, based on socioeconomic vulnerability indicators and the Hunger Map in order to verify the food risk and the regional social prosperity rate. As for the methodological aspects, this study is based on bibliographic and documentary research using secondary data, made available by the IBGE, UN, with the IDHM and IPEA, with the IVS of the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, in addition to books and articles considered relevant and that will contribute to the research. Regarding the results, Rio de Janeiro had the highest IVS in 2017, at 0.284. In the South, the 2010 IDHM Education presented AVERAGE development indicators for the three states, with Rio Grande do Sul obtaining the lowest, at 0.642. Together, the two regions represent around 70% of the Brazilian GDP. The study made it possible to demonstrate that in comparison with the South Region, the Southeast has the highest vulnerability indicators, the lowest human development indicators and the highest indices of inequality and income concentration.
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