Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are indicated treatments for cancer patients, such treatments affect epithelial cells ausing an inflammatory response of the oral epithelium called oral mucositis. The oral clinical manifestations begin with the appearance of a whitish flaking followed by erosons and ulcerations that can be infected by bacteria and cause sepsis and life-threatening for patients. It has painful symptoms, burning and discomfort when feeding and/or hygienen of the mouth. Teh oral mucositis has many bad implications for cancer patients, not only affects oral health, but has a direct implication on general health. Oral mucositis increases the risk of local and systemic infection, may interfere with and/or discontinue antiopoplastic treatment,directly implying the patient's quality of life. It can also increase the length of hospitalization and the financial costs of treatment. This study proposes a review of the literature in order to explore the occurrence of oral mucositis in cancer patients in order to delimit prevention and treatment means according to the elected antineoplastic therapy and the basic oncologic disease, avoiding malnutrition and the use of analgesics by the patient which could affect the treatment for cancer. To develop this study, it was used as a guied the itens in PRISMA system and your systemics review based on PECO of strategycs of review. The articles were found in the PubMed database, by two employees, independently, with a previously defined search strategy, during the research were found 68 papers, then was made a full reanding of the papers and 12 studies were selected for this review This study showed that the severity of oral mucositis is not only related to cytotoxic treatment or underlying disease, but also to prophylactic and therapeutic measures during the management of oral mucositis. And it reinforced the importance of the dentist's participation in the oncology team.
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