Squalene, a natural compound with essential roles in the biosynthesis of
cholesterol and applications in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries,
faces challenges in sustainable production, especially when extracted from
animal sources such as deep-sea sharks. This research focuses on the search
for sustainable alternatives, with an emphasis on the production of squalene by
microorganisms. The methodology employed involved an exploratory literature
review, consulting indexed databases, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The
industry's growing demand for squalene, whether for cosmetics or vaccine
adjuvants, is driving the exploration of sustainable sources. Biotechnology plays
a key role, offering promising production methods. Research has explored
various strategies, including the use of microorganisms, mainly yeasts, some
fungi and microalgae for squalene production. Although these approaches show
potential, there are challenges regarding costs, optimization and complexity. The
use of Brazilian sugar cane by Amyris stands out as a sustainable solution.
Finally, there is a great need for research into alternative sources of squalene to
meet the growing demand from industry, considering the environmental impact
caused by predatory shark hunting.
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