This monograph addresses the use of psychoactive substances in the school context. Substance use is a very old phenomenon in history and constitutes a serious public health problem today, with serious personal and social consequences for the future of adolescents and society as a whole. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the literature published in the format of scientific articles published in Portuguese, between 2017-2023 about drug use at school. To this end, factors associated with drug use at school were identified and prevention of this phenomenon at school was discussed. Methodologically, this is an integrative literature review, consisting of 21 articles chosen from the CAPES Periódicos Portal, analyzed via content analysis. The extracted data made it possible to construct three categories, namely: 1) Prevention, 2) School and teachers, 3) Violence at school. Preventing drug abuse among schoolchildren involves developing social skills. By focusing on developing social skills, healthy interactions can be promoted and emotional resilience strengthened. Additionally, it is crucial to address factors associated with drug use, such as social pressures, lack of information and negative influences, through educational programs. . The school territory must be understood as a space that generates educational processes and articulates public social and health policies, in this case, involving the issue of the use of psychoactive substances as part of teaching work. Data on the link between drug use and bullying among Brazilian adolescents were also identified. Bullying is one of the most common forms of violence in a school environment and generally occurs during adolescence and is closely related to drug use, making students vulnerable to drug use. We conclude that the school is in a privileged position in health promotion and prevention for students, being able to expand programs to the surrounding community, aiming for individual and collective well-being.
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