Degradação ambiental e presença de espécies de peixes não nativas em pequenos igarapés de terra firme de Manaus, Amazonas
Several factors determine the species distribution in the environment, and the significance of each depends on the scale analysis. In local scale, the main factors that influence the species distribution are the interactions with the environment they live in and with the local biota. The present stu...
| Autor principal: | Guarido, Paula Carolina Paes |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11363 http://lattes.cnpq.br/0669024467962623 |
| Resumo: |
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Several factors determine the species distribution in the environment, and the significance of each depends on the scale analysis. In local scale, the main factors that influence the species distribution are the interactions with the environment they live in and with the local biota. The present study investigated the process of occupation of streams of the urban area of Manaus by non-native fish species. For this, the influence of environmental degradation and the life-history characteristics of the native species as facilitating or restrictive mechanisms to the invasion by non-native species were tested. Samples were obtained in 28 streams, where various environmental characteristics were measured (structural and limnological) and samples of the ichthyofauna were obtained. Fish samplings were performed in 50-m long stretches, using sieves, dip nets, gill nets and seines for about two hours in each site. Overall, 49 species were collected, being 33 natives and 16 non-natives. The non-native species were relatively uncommon, and most of them showed low abundances, inhabiting sites with moderate to severe environmental alterations; they were not recorded in intact streams. The loss of environmental quality on the streams resulting from the anthropic impacts was followed by the replacement of the majority of the native species by a small number of non-native species, remaining only those which have life strategies that allow their survival in these degraded sites (e.g., aerial breathing capacity). A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the loss of environmental quality in the streams was the main factor influencing its occupation by non-native species. The knowledge about the species life history strategies enables us to predict which native species will be able to support severe environmental alterations in the streams and which will be locally extirpated. Similarly, this information allows us to predict which non-native species have the potential to occupy polluted and strongly modified environments. The loss of the majority of the native species observed in most of the urban streams of Manaus, followed by the replacement by few non-native species, represents a phenomenon of biotic homogenization that results in an evident loss of biodiversity. Measures that reduce or mitigate the anthropic impacts in the urban streams are necessary, both to avoid a greater dispersion of non-native species in these environments, and for the welfare of the human population itself which lives in the margins of these watercourses streams in Manaus. |