Etnobotânica e etnomedicina na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável do Tupé, baixo rio Negro: plantas antimaláricas, conhecimentos e percepções associadas ao uso e à doença
The traditional knowledge of using plants to fight disease is widespread and it is, in most cases, the only available resource for the rural population in developing countries. The plants used as medicine nearly always have a high ranking and significative position in the results of ethnobotanic...
| Autor principal: | Veiga, Josephina Barata da |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12845 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2816569337996426 |
| Resumo: |
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The traditional knowledge of using plants to fight disease is widespread and it is, in most cases,
the only available resource for the rural population in developing countries. The plants used as
medicine nearly always have a high ranking and significative position in the results of
ethnobotanic investigations of a region or an ethnic group. In this context, the purpose of this
study is to perform an ethnobotanic inventory in two rural communities in the vicinities of
Manaus-AM, focusing in species that are used to treat malaria. Information regarding the plants
used, its purpose and posology, and the perception about the disease (treatment and cure) we
observed. An botanical determination of the ethnospecies that are used was also performed. Two
communities who live along a river (São João do Tupé and Julião) in RDS Tupé, in the Central
Amazon region were studied. In order to carry out this ethnobotany study, it were implemented
semi-structured interviews and workshops through guided tours conducted by residents in the
community of their backyards and of the forest. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indicators were
calculated, measuring equitability and concurrence regarding its main use (CUP), measure of the
use (VU) and measure of its importance (IVS). There were 127 and 131 ethnospecies in the
communities SJT and Julião respectively, where 20 species have been specifically pointed at as
being used to treat malaria and its associated disease in STJ and 62 in Julião. In the backyards of
the STJ community 127 ethnospecies were found, among them 71 were medicinal plants, 43
were fruit trees and 13 were potherb. The most significant botany families shown in the survey
were: Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Arecaceae and Rutaceae.
The Shannon-Wiener (H’) indicators were 1,18 decits and 1,62 decits in SJT and Julião
respectively while the equitability indicators were 0,91 in SJT and 0,90 in Julião. The ones that
were mostly used to treat malaria regarding its CUP were: Bonamia ferruginea (87,5%),
Aspidosperma sp. (75%), Ampelozizyphus amazonicus (50%) in SJT and Geissospermum
sericeum and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus (31,25%), Vernonia condensata (68,75%), Persea
americana and Euterpe precatoria (62,50%) in Julião. Regarding the survey conducted in the
backyards in the STJ community, the medicinal species that were observed which had higher VU
and IVS were: Bonamia ferruginea, Euterpe precatoria, Cymbopogon citratus and
Aspidosperma sp. As to the fruit trees, the species that had reached higher VU and IVS were:
Theobroma grandiflorum, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Anacardium occidentale and Inga edulis.
Lastly, regarding the potherb trees, the species reaching the higher VU and IVS were: Allium
schoenoprasum, Eryngium foetidum and Cucumis anguria. Some species known for treating
malaria and other associated disease that are mentioned in this survey were not found recorded in
other ethnobotanic studies carried out in South America, which highlights the importance of
knowing about these species, its proper use and the need to conduct new studies. Concerning the
analysis of type, the men who were interviewed mentioned more uses to the plants than the
women, 136 men and 100 women. Regarding the perception of the disease by the local
community, it is possible to state that they have a satisfactory knowledge about the disease, that
is, they know what malaria is and the seriousness of it, as well as how it spreads, its treatment
and prevention. |