Áreas protegidas como ferramenta de contenção do desmatamento: um estudo de caso da Terra do Meio
Protected areas are important tools for slowing deforestation and for biodiversity conservation. In southwestern Pará the Terra do Meio Mosaic of Protected Areas was created with the purpose of preventing illegal appropriation of public land and the illegal logging and gold mining activities that ha...
| Autor principal: | Silva, Charlyngton da Silva e |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12873 http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4212403Y9 |
| Resumo: |
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Protected areas are important tools for slowing deforestation and for biodiversity conservation. In southwestern Pará the Terra do Meio Mosaic of Protected Areas was created with the purpose of preventing illegal appropriation of public land and the illegal logging and gold mining activities that have stimulated deforestation in the region. The present study analyzes the effect of the creating the Terra do Meio Mosaic of Protected Areas on deforestation. A temporal analysis of deforestation for the period from 2000 to 2011 is used to compare deforestation before and after the creation of the protected areas. In addition, the vulnerability of protected areas was analyzed based on the relationship between deforestation inside the protected areas and in the surrounding area using the weights of evidence method.
Temporal analyses of deforestation and of the relationship between deforestation inside and around protected areas were developed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) using the ArcGIS 10.1 software. Dinamica EGO software was used for the analysis of weights of evidence. The results showed that protected areas were effective in containing deforestation. Average annual deforestation in the Terra do Meio Mosaic was reduced from 551 km² to 298 km² after the establishment of the protected areas, representing a 54% reduction in the annual rate. Vulnerability analysis of protected areas by analyzing the weights of evidence demonstrated that previously deforested areas influence the occurrence of new deforestation up to a distance of 4220 m. Roads also have a strong influence on the occurrence of deforestation in the Terra do Meio Mosaic, with positive weights of evidence up to a distance of 5400 m from the road. The weights-of-evidence results also show that protected areas are, in fact, inhibiting deforestation. Of the 10 areas analyzed, eight had a negative effect on deforestation. The remaining two cases were almost neutral, neither repelling nor attracting deforestation: the Serra do Pardo National Park had weight-of-evidence value of 0.06, while the Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land had a value of -0.01. Most protected areas had higher deforestation in the buffer zone, but three showed greater deforestation inside the protected area than in the surroundings. The Triunfo do Xingu APA showed a high degree of degradation, while the Rio Iriri RESEX and Iriri FLOTA are well conserved despite internal deforestation being greater than that in the surrounding area. It is concluded that the creation of protected areas had an important influence on reduction of deforestation rates in the Terra do Meio. Nevertheless, the areas surrounding the mosaic of protected areas followed the same downward trend in deforestation rates for the period 2000-2011. This suggests that, in addition to the effect of creating protected areas, the declining deforestation rate in the Terra do Meio may have been influenced by enforcement actions performed by the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAM), which was also active in the surrounding region. |