Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation
Widespread degradation of tropical forests is caused by a variety of disturbances that interact in ways that are not well understood. To explore potential synergies between edge effects, fire and windstorm damage as causes of Amazonian forest degradation, we quantified vegetation responses to a 30-m...
| Autor principal: | Silvério, Divino Vicente |
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| Outros Autores: | Brando, Paulo Monteiro, Bustamante, Mercedes M.C., Putz, Francis E., Marra, Daniel Magnabosco, Levick, Shaun R., Trumbore, Susan Elizabeth |
| Grau: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
Journal of Ecology
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16731 |
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oai:repositorio:1-16731 |
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oai:repositorio:1-16731 Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation Silvério, Divino Vicente Brando, Paulo Monteiro Bustamante, Mercedes M.C. Putz, Francis E. Marra, Daniel Magnabosco Levick, Shaun R. Trumbore, Susan Elizabeth Aboveground Biomass Airborne Survey Biomass Environmental Degradation Environmental Disturbance Experimental Study Fire Forest Dynamics Habitat Fragmentation Lidar Mortality Storm Tropical Forest Understory Vegetation Dynamics Vulnerability Amazonia Widespread degradation of tropical forests is caused by a variety of disturbances that interact in ways that are not well understood. To explore potential synergies between edge effects, fire and windstorm damage as causes of Amazonian forest degradation, we quantified vegetation responses to a 30-min, high-intensity windstorm that in 2012, swept through a large-scale fire experiment that borders an agricultural field. Our pre- and postwindstorm measurements include tree mortality rates and modes of death, above-ground biomass, and airborne LiDAR-based estimates of tree heights and canopy disturbance (i.e., number and size of gaps). The experimental area in the southeastern Amazonia includes three 50-ha plots established in 2004 that were unburned (Control), burned annually (B1yr), or burned at 3-year intervals (B3yr). The windstorm caused greater damage to trees (>10 cm DBH) in the burned plots (B1yr: 13 ± 9% of 785 trees; B3yr: 17 ± 13% of 433) than in the Control plot (8 ± 4% of 2,300; ± CI). It substantially reduced vegetation height by 14% in B1yr, 20% in B3yr and 12% in the Control plots, while it reduced above-ground biomass by 18% of 77.7 Mg/ha (B1yr), 31% of 56.6 (B3yr), and 15% of 120 (Control). Tree damage was greatest near the agricultural field edge in all three plots, especially among large trees and in B3yr. Trunk snapping (70%) and uprooting (20%) were the most common modes of tree damage and mortality, with the height of trunk failure on the burned plots often corresponding with the height of historical fire scars. Of the windstorm-damaged trees, 80% (B1yr), 90% (B3yr), and 57% (Control) were dead 4 years later. Trees that had crown damage experienced the least mortality (22%–60%), followed by those that were snapped (55%–94%) and uprooted (88%–94%). Synthesis. We demonstrate the synergistic effects of three kinds of disturbances on a tropical forest. Our results show that the effects of windstorms are exacerbated by prior degradation by fire and fragmentation. We highlight that understorey fires can produce long-lasting effects on tropical forests not only by directly killing trees but also by increasing tree vulnerability to wind damage due to fire scars and a more open canopy. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society 2020-06-15T21:36:01Z 2020-06-15T21:36:01Z 2019 Artigo https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16731 10.1111/1365-2745.13076 en Volume 107, Número 2, Pags. 656-667 Restrito Journal of Ecology |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Aboveground Biomass Airborne Survey Biomass Environmental Degradation Environmental Disturbance Experimental Study Fire Forest Dynamics Habitat Fragmentation Lidar Mortality Storm Tropical Forest Understory Vegetation Dynamics Vulnerability Amazonia |
| spellingShingle |
Aboveground Biomass Airborne Survey Biomass Environmental Degradation Environmental Disturbance Experimental Study Fire Forest Dynamics Habitat Fragmentation Lidar Mortality Storm Tropical Forest Understory Vegetation Dynamics Vulnerability Amazonia Silvério, Divino Vicente Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| topic_facet |
Aboveground Biomass Airborne Survey Biomass Environmental Degradation Environmental Disturbance Experimental Study Fire Forest Dynamics Habitat Fragmentation Lidar Mortality Storm Tropical Forest Understory Vegetation Dynamics Vulnerability Amazonia |
| description |
Widespread degradation of tropical forests is caused by a variety of disturbances that interact in ways that are not well understood. To explore potential synergies between edge effects, fire and windstorm damage as causes of Amazonian forest degradation, we quantified vegetation responses to a 30-min, high-intensity windstorm that in 2012, swept through a large-scale fire experiment that borders an agricultural field. Our pre- and postwindstorm measurements include tree mortality rates and modes of death, above-ground biomass, and airborne LiDAR-based estimates of tree heights and canopy disturbance (i.e., number and size of gaps). The experimental area in the southeastern Amazonia includes three 50-ha plots established in 2004 that were unburned (Control), burned annually (B1yr), or burned at 3-year intervals (B3yr). The windstorm caused greater damage to trees (>10 cm DBH) in the burned plots (B1yr: 13 ± 9% of 785 trees; B3yr: 17 ± 13% of 433) than in the Control plot (8 ± 4% of 2,300; ± CI). It substantially reduced vegetation height by 14% in B1yr, 20% in B3yr and 12% in the Control plots, while it reduced above-ground biomass by 18% of 77.7 Mg/ha (B1yr), 31% of 56.6 (B3yr), and 15% of 120 (Control). Tree damage was greatest near the agricultural field edge in all three plots, especially among large trees and in B3yr. Trunk snapping (70%) and uprooting (20%) were the most common modes of tree damage and mortality, with the height of trunk failure on the burned plots often corresponding with the height of historical fire scars. Of the windstorm-damaged trees, 80% (B1yr), 90% (B3yr), and 57% (Control) were dead 4 years later. Trees that had crown damage experienced the least mortality (22%–60%), followed by those that were snapped (55%–94%) and uprooted (88%–94%). Synthesis. We demonstrate the synergistic effects of three kinds of disturbances on a tropical forest. Our results show that the effects of windstorms are exacerbated by prior degradation by fire and fragmentation. We highlight that understorey fires can produce long-lasting effects on tropical forests not only by directly killing trees but also by increasing tree vulnerability to wind damage due to fire scars and a more open canopy. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2018 British Ecological Society |
| format |
Artigo |
| author |
Silvério, Divino Vicente |
| author2 |
Brando, Paulo Monteiro Bustamante, Mercedes M.C. Putz, Francis E. Marra, Daniel Magnabosco Levick, Shaun R. Trumbore, Susan Elizabeth |
| author2Str |
Brando, Paulo Monteiro Bustamante, Mercedes M.C. Putz, Francis E. Marra, Daniel Magnabosco Levick, Shaun R. Trumbore, Susan Elizabeth |
| title |
Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| title_short |
Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| title_full |
Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| title_fullStr |
Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: A recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| title_sort |
fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: a recipe for tropical forest degradation |
| publisher |
Journal of Ecology |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16731 |
| _version_ |
1787142423742251008 |
| score |
11.755432 |