Os sistemas de produção da agroindústria artesanal da mandioca na região do lago Janauacá, Careiro (AM)
The Amazon region is certainly a region where family farming is manifested in the most different forms: riverine, extractive, quilombolas, etc., where a great diversity of natural resources is found capable of providing the productive and alimentary base of these farmers. The objects that made up...
| Autor principal: | Erazo, Rafael de Lima |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5344 http://lattes.cnpq.br/0299892335610045 |
| Resumo: |
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The Amazon region is certainly a region where family farming is manifested in the most different
forms: riverine, extractive, quilombolas, etc., where a great diversity of natural resources is
found capable of providing the productive and alimentary base of these farmers. The objects
that made up the research universe were the family production units associated with the
production and commercialization circuits of the floating "flour houses" of the Janauacá lake
region, Careiro (AM). The objective was to analyze the limiting factors and the economic
opportunities internal to the family units that influence the social relations and the
socioeconomic strategies of production in the informal artisanal agroindustry of cassava. We
proposed an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research with qualitative and quantitative
bias. To obtain primary data, the collection techniques used were the interviews and the direct
observations in the field of ethnographic and agronomic character. In this way, it was tried to
apprehend the social strategies of the farmers, in their relation with the complexity and diversity
of the environment. Data collection took place during the month of August 2016. Nonprobabilistic sampling by quotas was used using the "snowball" strategy. The sample consisted
of 79 interviews: 33 farmers on land, 23 owners of floating "flour houses" and 23 day laborers.
The dynamics of water is an integral part of the life and culture of the residents, so their survival
is directly influenced by the river regime, leading them to acquire strategies to overcome the
challenges posed by changes in the environment. The low technological index characterized the
system of production of cassava and derivatives. The work with cassava flour and gum involves
hundreds of people, thus revealing its importance as an economic activity for the maintenance
of several families. The division of family labor depends on the formation of the family, because
regardless of age or gender, everyone works. Although the children have not had the same
opportunity of access to land that their parents had, they reproduce the same trajectory of work,
that is, the sale of labor in crisis situations and the search for better living conditions in other
production spaces. The strategy of families choosing to produce gum in floating facilities is
justified as a way to fully exploit the terrestrial phase of wetlands as the raw material can be
processed during the aquatic phase of the system. In addition, the higher profitability of the work
in the beneficiation phase allows the families to process and to cultivate a greater volume of raw
material, when compared to the manufacture of the flour. The advantages of the artisanal
production of gum in relation to the artisanal production of flour are: the highest labor income
(quantity produced by working time is ten times greater) and profitability (greater liquidity and
price). Thus, in the case of the Janauacá families, the choice between flour production near the
production sites or the extraction of gum in floating "flour houses" is related to limitations of
access to areas for land-based cultivation and processing. Thus, there is a need for programs to
strengthen and enhance this productive chain, especially training and social organization, with
the aim of contributing to its better structuring. As a result, farmers in Janauacá seem to be
doing more than just accommodating to the prevailing demands. These social actors are
capable not only of accommodating themselves to floating markets, but also of organizing and
reproducing themselves in the new conditions encountered. |