Diseases that affect the circulatory system are classified by the World Health
Organization (WHO) in cardiovascular diseases, coded by the International Statistical
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) from
I70 to I99, which include diseases of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, as well as
diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes not classified elsewhere, and
other unspecified disorders of the circulatory system. In the present work, we discuss
the cardiovascular diseases whose clinical manifestations represent an emergency or
medical urgency, because the patient is at imminent risk of either losing a limb or dying.
Definitions, key points, importance, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of acute arterial occlusion, vascular trauma,
acute mesenteric ischemia, diabetic foot, deep vein thrombosis, superficial
thrombophlebitis, erysipelas and lymphangitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and acute
aortic syndrome are presented in a clear and objective way, and tables and charts are
presented to facilitate readers’ understanding.
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