Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection - STI, caused by the bacterium Treponema
pallidum. A serious consequence of untreated / inadequately treated acquired syphilis is
vertical transmission of Treponema. Congenital syphilis represents the fragility of care
provided to the population. Understanding the relationships between the determinants and
determinants of health conditions and disease in a population is a challenge, translated into
models that seek to propose a visualization of the plot of these relationships. In order to
contribute to the understanding of the factors associated with the occurrence of syphilis in
Brazil in recent years, this study aimed to identify the types of studies, aspects of DS
addressed, regional concentration of publications, population studied as well as the
determinants most frequently identified . This is an integrative review of the literature. The
databases PUBMED, LILACS, BIREME and SCIELO were used in the period from
January to March, 2019. The descriptors, according to DeCS and Mesh, were respectively:
Social determinants of Health / Social Determinants of Health, syphilis and Treponema
infection / syphilis, health profile / Epidemiologic Measurements. A total of 5179 articles
were identified, selected for analysis, after reading the title and abstract 191 articles and
after exclusion criteria, 44 articles were analyzed. The Northeastern and Southeast regions
accounted for the bulk of the publications, 27.27% and 22, 73% respectively, with the
North region (6.82%) of the country reporting the least published research on the subject.
National studies accounted for 18.18% of publications. Pregnant women, postpartum
women and children accounted for the majority of the study population (81.76%). 95% of
the productions concerned transverse epidemiological studies. Productivity was analyzed
for DS levels following the Dahlgren and Whitehead model: 34.1% of the articles
addressed aspects that characterize levels 2, 3 and 4. In 56.8% of the articles, the macro
determinants did not appear explicitly. The analysis confirmed that syphilis is a serious
public health problem in Brazil, and that it should be addressed more effectively, not only
by public health authorities, but also by professionals and the population. Factor prenatal
care was related to the increased risk of congenital syphilis and maternal reinfection and in
the general population: number of sexual partnerships, use of alcohol and other drugs, non use of condoms in all relationships. Studies that have deepened the analysis of
socioeconomic factors and the occurrence of syphilis have shown that poverty and
conditions that further undermine the population are significantly associated with the
occurrence of syphilis, especially in pregnant women. Thus, it is essential to understand
what and how DSs work in the territory for health professionals, since the necessary inputs
for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up are available and accessible to professionals, do not
present enough to reduce the number of cases. Intersectoral work becomes essential for the
development of strategies to address situations that put populations at risk, or worse, keep
them at risk with regard to health, and here, in particular, to illness, to Treponema
infection.
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