Starting from the current scenario, in which ruptures of cooperation paradigms, as well as
attacks on institutions, have been commonly observed in several States, it must be
inferred that democracy remains fragile on a global scale. In recent years, populist
governments with an authoritarian tone have flourished and politicians with nationalist
and liberal appeals. These politicians resort to protectionist policies and anti-immigration
measures. They also submit to multilateral bodies that reflect the interest of central
countries, giving them more strength. This study seeks to understand and relate problems
associated with the phenomenon of the resurgence of nationalist policies in a globalized
world, in which waves of self-styled conservative leaders maintain a liberal economic
agenda, showing a new phase of neoliberalism. The study highlights how these
characteristics adopted by governments can be directly linked to liberal crises and how
their effects recur in the postmodern world, with strong influences of neoliberalism. The
research has as a case study how Brazil fits into this context and how nationalism
converses with the actors that make up Brazilian politics.
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