This work has as its theme a historical recovery in the face of the abandonment and absence of the State in the protection of peripheral and black children and adolescents in Brazil. Thus, the general objective of this research is to discover the path from slavery to the camburões and the incompetence of public authorities in the face of their duty in assistance, protection and social reintegration. In this way, what governs the specific objectives is to present childhood as a contextual foundation, followed by situations of abandonment of black and marginalized minors and the precarious assistance provided to those exposed, particularly with the ineffectiveness of welfare laws in Brazil, in the face of omission of the state to comply with the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Child and Adolescent Statute and socio-educational
measures. In view of this, the need to write this topic arises. The methodology that governs this academic work is based on bibliographical research, which aims at an active historical and enriching search regarding childhood, slavery, abolitionist laws and their social effects, in addition to the experimental welfare failures of public authorities. Finally, we want to draw attention to this problem in the pedagogical sphere, as an alert to a lost Brazilian childhood, which with it, education ceases to be a priority, giving way to a life of marginality and exploitative work, bringing victims of a unassisted childhood, which traced an arduous history, originating in slavery, in search of freedom.
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