Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental
Brazil produces about 340 thousand tons of palm oil. Most of them come from the territory of Para, which accounts for about 90% of the national palm oil production, with 160,000 hectares planted according to the soil and climate of the region, which has favorable conditions for the development of th...
| Autor principal: | Dotto, Marciane Cristina |
|---|---|
| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Federal do Tocantins
2018
|
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://hdl.handle.net/11612/877 |
| id |
ir-11612-877 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
dspace |
| spelling |
ir-11612-8772019-05-25T06:18:46Z Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental Dotto, Marciane Cristina Erasmos, Eduardo Andrea Lemus Trocas gasosas Equações alométricas Carbono Nutrientes Gas exchanges Allometric equations Carbon Nutrients CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Brazil produces about 340 thousand tons of palm oil. Most of them come from the territory of Para, which accounts for about 90% of the national palm oil production, with 160,000 hectares planted according to the soil and climate of the region, which has favorable conditions for the development of the crop. Considering the relevance of this culture, the studies carried out were conducted with the objective of providing information on the physiological aspects, quantification of biomass, carbon stock and nutritional balance in oil palm plantations with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old. The investigations reported here are divided into four chapters. In the first chapter the objective was to study the gas exchange responses in oil palm plantations of the Deli x Ghana and Compacta x Ghana varieties at 6 and 7 years of age, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Mojú - PA. The second chapter consists of quantifying the biomass of the oil palm plants by the destructive method as well as the obtaining of easy-to-measure biometric variables for the adjustment of specific allometric and regional equations to estimate the aerial biomass of the plants. The advantage of developing this tool (equation) is the saving of time, energy and resources. For the next estimates of biomass do not require destructive sampling of plants. With the obtaining of the dry biomass of the oil palm the third chapter was verified the potential of the culture in the fixation of carbon in its biomass, how to quantify the carbon stock in the plant system, soil and litter. Finally, the fourth chapter verified the nutrient content in soil, litter and plant in different compartments, ending with the macronutrient balance in the soil-plant system, in palm oil plantations, from 3 to 7 years of age. In the study of gas exchange responses, six-year-old oil palm plants presented higher values for stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (EiC) compared to 7-year-old plants for the varieties Deli x Ghana and Compacta x Ghana. In the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, the Compacta x Ghana variety, added to its genetic characteristics, showed a greater capacity to perform photosynthesis when compared to the Deli x Ghana variety. It was evidenced that it is possible to express the total dry biomass of the species (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), With 3 to 7 years of age by means of regression equations, using independent variables easily obtainable. The concentration of carbon (C) in plant biomass was 55.2%, presenting a total carbon stock in the system (soil + litter + plant) of 71.16 Mg C ha-1 in plantations up to 7 years of age. At the end of the study with a macronutrient balance in the system, where the oil palm plantations presented a positive balance for all the elements, except for the potassium that presented negative balance in the plantations with 6 and 7 years of age. It can be affirmed that the management carried out in the palm-oil plantations in Mojú-PA, does not exhaust the soil. O Brasil produz cerca de 340 mil toneladas de óleo-de-palma. A maior parte provém do território paraense que representa cerca de 90% da produção nacional de óleo-de-palma, com 160 mil hectares plantados em função da aptidão edafoclimática da região que possui condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da cultura. Diante da relevância desta cultura, os estudos aqui realizados foram conduzidos com o objetivo de fornecer informações sobre os aspectos fisiológicos, quantificação de biomassa, estoque de carbono e balanço nutricional em plantios de palma-de-óleo com 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7 anos de idade. As investigações aqui relatadas são divididas em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo o objetivo foi estudar as respostas das trocas gasosas em plantações de palma-de-óleo das variedades Deli x Ghana e Compacta x Ghana com 6 e 7 anos de idade, nas condições edafoclimáticas do município de Mojú – PA. O segundo capitulo consiste na quantificada a biomassa das plantas de palma-de-óleo pelo método destrutivo bem como a obtenção de variáveis biométricas de fácil mensuração para o ajuste de equações alométricas específicas e regionais para estimar a biomassa aérea das plantas. A vantagem do desenvolvimento dessa ferramenta (equação) é a economia de tempo, energia e recursos. Pois nas próximas estimativas de biomassa não se faz necessária amostragem destrutiva das plantas. Com a obtenção da biomassa seca da palma-de-óleo o terceiro capitulo foi verificado o potencial da cultura na fixação de carbono em sua biomassa, como quantificar o estoque de carbono no sistema planta, solo e serapilheira. Por fim, o quarto capítulo verificou o conteúdo de nutrientes no solo, na serapilheira e na planta em diferentes compartimentos, finalizando com o balanço de macronutrientes no sistema solo-planta, em plantios de palma-de-óleo, com 3 a 7 anos de idade. No estudo das respostas das trocas gasosas, as plantas de palma-de-óleo com seis anos de idade, apresentaram maiores valores para a condutância estomática, transpiração e a eficiência instantânea da carboxilação (EiC) em relação as plantas com 7 anos de idade para as variedades Deli x Ghana e Compacta x Ghana. Nas condições edafoclimáticas da região, a variedade Compacta x Ghana, somado às suas características genéticas, apresentou maior capacidade de realizar fotossíntese quando comparado a variedade Deli x Ghana. Ficou evidenciado que é possível expressar a biomassa seca total da espécie (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), com 3 a 7 anos de idade por meio de equações de regressão, utilizando variáveis independentes de fácil obtenção. A concentração de carbono (C) na biomassa das plantas foi de 55,2%, apresentando um estoque de carbono total no sistema (solo+serapilheira+ planta) de 71,16 Mg C ha-1 em plantios com até 7 anos de idade. E finalizando o estudo com balanço de macronutrientes no sistema, onde os plantios de palma-de-óleo apresentaram um balanço positivo para todos os elementos, exceto para o potássio que apresentou saldo negativo nos plantios com 6 e 7 anos de idade. Pode-se afirmar que o manejo realizado nos plantios de palma-de-óleo em Mojú-PA, não exaurem o solo. 2018-03-15T12:05:05Z 2018-03-15T12:05:05Z 2017-04-28 Tese DOTTO, Marciane Cristina. Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental.2017.95f.Tese (Doutorado em Produção Vegetal) – Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Gurupi, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/877 pt_BR Open Access application/pdf application/pdf Universidade Federal do Tocantins BR Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal - PPGPV Gurupi |
| institution |
Repositório Institucional - Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT |
| collection |
RepositorioUFT |
| language |
pt_BR |
| topic |
Trocas gasosas Equações alométricas Carbono Nutrientes Gas exchanges Allometric equations Carbon Nutrients CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS |
| spellingShingle |
Trocas gasosas Equações alométricas Carbono Nutrientes Gas exchanges Allometric equations Carbon Nutrients CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Dotto, Marciane Cristina Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental |
| topic_facet |
Trocas gasosas Equações alométricas Carbono Nutrientes Gas exchanges Allometric equations Carbon Nutrients CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS |
| description |
Brazil produces about 340 thousand tons of palm oil. Most of them come from the territory of Para, which accounts for about 90% of the national palm oil production, with 160,000 hectares planted according to the soil and climate of the region, which has favorable conditions for the development of the crop. Considering the relevance of this culture, the studies carried out were conducted with the objective of providing information on the physiological aspects, quantification of biomass, carbon stock and nutritional balance in oil palm plantations with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old. The investigations reported here are divided into four chapters. In the first chapter the objective was to study the gas exchange responses in oil palm plantations of the Deli x Ghana and Compacta x Ghana varieties at 6 and 7 years of age, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Mojú - PA. The second chapter consists of quantifying the biomass of the oil palm plants by the destructive method as well as the obtaining of easy-to-measure biometric variables for the adjustment of specific allometric and regional equations to estimate the aerial biomass of the plants. The advantage of developing this tool (equation) is the saving of time, energy and resources. For the next estimates of biomass do not require destructive sampling of plants. With the obtaining of the dry biomass of the oil palm the third chapter was verified the potential of the culture in the fixation of carbon in its biomass, how to quantify the carbon stock in the plant system, soil and litter. Finally, the fourth chapter verified the nutrient content in soil, litter and plant in different compartments, ending with the macronutrient balance in the soil-plant system, in palm oil plantations, from 3 to 7 years of age. In the study of gas exchange responses, six-year-old oil palm plants presented higher values for stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (EiC) compared to 7-year-old plants for the varieties Deli x Ghana and Compacta x Ghana. In the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, the Compacta x Ghana variety, added to its genetic characteristics, showed a greater capacity to perform photosynthesis when compared to the Deli x Ghana variety. It was evidenced that it is possible to express the total dry biomass of the species (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), With 3 to 7 years of age by means of regression equations, using independent variables easily obtainable. The concentration of carbon (C) in plant biomass was 55.2%, presenting a total carbon stock in the system (soil + litter + plant) of 71.16 Mg C ha-1 in plantations up to 7 years of age. At the end of the study with a macronutrient balance in the system, where the oil palm plantations presented a positive balance for all the elements, except for the potassium that presented negative balance in the plantations with 6 and 7 years of age. It can be affirmed that the management carried out in the palm-oil plantations in Mojú-PA, does not exhaust the soil. |
| author_additional |
Erasmos, Eduardo Andrea Lemus |
| author_additionalStr |
Erasmos, Eduardo Andrea Lemus |
| format |
Tese |
| author |
Dotto, Marciane Cristina |
| title |
Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental |
| title_short |
Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental |
| title_full |
Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental |
| title_fullStr |
Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (Elaeis guineenses), na Amazônia oriental |
| title_sort |
balanço de carbono e nutrientes solo/planta em plantios de palma-de-óleo (elaeis guineenses), na amazônia oriental |
| publisher |
Universidade Federal do Tocantins |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11612/877 |
| _version_ |
1787134427624636416 |
| score |
11.653393 |