The Extractive Reserves (Resex) of the Amazon represent a natural laboratory for studies of
models of co-management of shared resources between the State (manager) and communities
(residents). The premise of a shared management or co-management model starts from the
construction of cooperation between individuals and/or institutions that use resources through
participatory mechanisms and processes implemented to create support for the cooperation of
groups that use resources (eg, territory, extractive area and natural resources). This study
analyzes the adherence of the governance system of the Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, located
on Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brazil, to the principles considered necessary for the construction of
an effective co-management for the governance of common use resources. In addition to
identifying the relationship of forces between the State and the traditional population in the
management of resources and in the use of the territory, mainly in decision-making and in
conflict resolution, evaluating the arenas of concertation and their relationships. The study made
it possible to identify, through documents and interviews, some principles that reached greater
maturity in the implementation eg: Defined limits, Congruence between appropriation and
provision rules and local conditions, Minimum recognition of organizational rights; Nested
enterprises) and where improvement is needed (eg, Collective Choice Arrangements;
Monitoring; Graduated Sanctions; Conflict Resolution Mechanisms). The hierarchical
relationship between the decision-making arenas exist (local meetings would support the
meetings by poles, which in turn would support the Management Board). However, they are
still fragile in terms of their frequency, functioning and protagonism of communities and
ICMBio in issues associated with co-management of the territory. The transgression of
governance principles for the use of resources and territory can be illustrated both by the lack
of fundamental management instruments for the administration of the RESEX, such as a
Management Plan, which makes it difficult to organize economic and environmental actions on
the use of resources within the Unit, but also (and mainly) due to the ineffectiveness of the co management instruments already implemented. The good participation of the actors indicates
that there is interest in these spaces, however bureaucratic and unilateral interests can inhibit
active participation. The analysis of the co-management of the Terra Grande-Pracuúba
Extractive Reserve concludes that the governance system implemented was not effective in the
shared management of the use of natural resources and territory. In addition, decision-making
in collective arenas presented difficulties in applying the rules for the use of natural resources
and territory for the pacification of conflicts, for the reproduction of the traditional way of life
and for the support of cooperation between groups of users.
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