Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with severe adverse perinatal
outcomes and unfavorable short- and long-term health consequences for both mother and
child. Due to the increasing prevalence of GDM worldwide, the impact and importance of
this medical condition in prenatal care is growing. There is no consensus on the best forms
of diagnosis for GDM, different criteria are adopted worldwide which currently often leads
to a late diagnosis. The aim of this study is to develop an objective and didactic clinical
protocol to help general practitioners and specialists on the diagnosis of GDM, in both
primary and tertiary care. The study was carried out using the method of rapid literature
review, which occurred through searches in the PUBMED and Scielo databases, with the
terms "GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS CLASSIFICATION", "GESTATIONAL
DIABETES DIAGNOSIS", "GESTATIONAL DIABETES RISK ALGORITHM",
“ALGORITHM OF COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS”
and its correlates in english. Repeated studies, case reports, letters to the editor, comments
and studies not available in English or Portuguese were excluded. Observational, descriptive
studies, literature reviews, meta-analyses and systematic reviews were included. 107
publications were carried out for this protocol, which resulted in 11 flowcharts, 9 figures and
4 tables, in addition to explanatory texts, presented in 8 topics: categorization of
hyperglycemia in pregnancy (pre-gestational diabetes, overt diabetes and GDM), maternal
physiology, risk factors in GDM, maternal and fetal complications, screening and diagnosis
of GDM, investigation of diabetes mellitus in the puerperium and practical examples for
diagnosis of GDM. This project resulted in the creation of a practical instrument, which
allows medical professionals carry out the diagnosis between the different forms of
hyperglycemia in pregnancy, better understanding of the pathophysiology, risk factors and
maternal-fetal complications of GDM, and therefore, assist professionals in the screening
and and diagnosis, in situations of total/ partial financial viability and/or technical
availability, regarding both GDM and diabetes mellitus in the puerperium, in order to
promote early therapeutic intervention when applicable.
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