The family Myrtaceae R. Br. presents 100 genera and 3500 species, distributed in tropical America and Australia. In Brazil, Myrtaceae presents about 1000 species. In this work we emphasized the taxonomy of the genus Marlierea Cambess. which presents about 80 species in Tropical America, and in the Amazon is represented by 12, distributed in forests, cerrados, rupestrian fields, restingas, etc. The identification of the species needed a careful revision because some authors include the genus in Myrcia. The material analyzed belongs to the collections deposited in the MG and lAN herbaria. The analysis was done under a stereomicroscope, in the classical procedures used in plant taxonomy. Marlierea has an arboreal or shrubby habit; inflorescences in panicles (of fascicles) axillary and/or terminal, usually with few flowers; androgynous flowers, very short pedicels (up to 3mm long), flower buds usually closed, and the flower buds are arranged in the same direction. ), flower buds usually closed, stamens numerous, petals often absent, when present 1-4(5); Iupulus prolonged above the apex of the ovary; ovary 2(-3) locular, with 2 axillary ovules per locule; fruit berry, 3-18mm diam, glabrous to hairy, usually with persistent hypanthium, rarely calyx and stipes, but rarely persistent stamens. The following species were studied: Marlierea bipennis (Berg) Mc Vaugh, M. umbraticola (H.B.K.) Berg, M. summa Me Vaugh, M. obumbrans (Berg) Ndz, M. caudata Mc Vaugh, M. ferruginea (Poíret) Mc Vaugh, M. spruceana Berg, M. subulata Mc Vaugh, M. velutina Mc Vaugh, M. montana (Aublet) Amshoff, M. scytophylla Diels, and M. uaupensis Berg. Descriptions, identification key, illustrations, geographical distribution, and comments on the species are presented.
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