The genus Calyptranthes Swartzpertens belongs to the subfamily Myrteae, and comprises approximately 100 species, distributed from Florida to South America, until Uruguay, with occurrences also in Asia. In the Amazon, there are about 17 species, with the largest concentration occurring in the region of Serra dos Carajás, in the municipality of Marabá-PA. For this study, exsiccates from the MG and IAN herbaria were analyzed under a stereomicroscope, following the classical procedures used in plant taxonomy. Calyptranthes species are characterized by arboreal or shrubby habit, inflorescences in reduced or modified panicles or fascicles, axillary and/or terminal, closed flower bud, oval, rarely acute, subsessile, sometimes bracted, bracts lanceolate to oval, calyx open by circular rupture, detaching a caliptra which remains suspended for some time from the hypanthium border, sometimes persistent in the fruit; Null or imperfect petals, small, united in the caliptra, deciduous when the flower is opened; simple, entire style, numerous stamens, ryme anthers; 2-locular ovary, 2 ovules per lobule and berry fruit, globose or rarely oval, glandular, crowned with staminal disc, may present persistent style and caliptra. Due to the lack of good quality botanical material to complement this research, only the following 13 species were studied, grouped into two groups: Group I (species with well-defined panicles) - C. crebra McVaugh (the most common species), C. cuspidata DC, C.lucída DC., C. multiflora Berg, C.pullei Burret & Amshoffe C.simulata Mc Vaugh; group 11 (with poorly defined panicles) - Calyptranthes amsboffae McVaugh,C. bipennis Berg, C.fascículata Berg, C.gigantifolia Mc Vaugh,C. macrophy//a Berg, C.pulchella DC.e C.specíosa Sagot. The paper consists of descriptions, identification key, illustrations, geographical distribution and comments on the species.
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