Health Care-related Infections correspond to a serious and frequent adverse effect on health services, impacting on morbidity and mortality, time and cost of treatment, and microbial resistance. Some populations, such as patients admitted to the neonatal ICU, are more susceptible because of many immunological and epidemiological factors. Thus, knowledge about the microbiota that causes neonatal IRAS has a high value in the administration of a conscious and responsible antibiotic therapy, minimizing the number of resistant microorganisms and increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. In this study, 619 blood cultures collected at the neonatal ICU and classified with IRAS between January 2016 and July 2017 were analyzed and the microbiological profile and resistance to the main antimicrobials used in clinical practice (oxacillin, vancomycin, cefepime, meropenem, colistin, fluconazole and amphotericin B) were delimited. It was possible to observe the higher prevalence of gram-negative bacteria as the cause of IRAS (n = 238, 38.45%), although the main agent isolated was Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n = 179, 27.83%). Among the fungi, the predominance was Candida parapsilosis (n = 99, 15.99%). The presence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in 16 blood cultures, corresponding to 26.67% of the A. baumannii described in the study, as well as the high sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin are noteworthy. Resistance to colistin occurred in isolation with Serratia marcescens, being higher in the first half of 2016 (8.4%). The microbial resistance and the prevalence of the agents observed in the study allowed the knowledge of the microbiological and sensitivity profile of bloodstream infections in the neonatal ICUs of the FSCMPA.
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